Gentrification As An Ugly Product Of Greed Essay Example For Students

Improvement As An Ugly Product Of Greed Essay â€Å"gentrificationâ as an appalling result of eagerness. However these viewpoints miss the point. Gentrification is a result of humankind s proceeding with enthusiasm for propelling the idea that one gathering is increasingly better than another and deserving of industrialist utilization with little respect to social cognizance. It is elitism the very pinnacle of and exclusionary legislative issues deeply. This has been a consistent subject of humanity to take or drain a space for individual addition. As such, it s fundamentally the same as the extraordinary preferred position of European controls over Native Americans and westbound expansion†(Wharton).Wharton is passing on that improvement is a framework worked to permit the more remarkable gathering to unemotionally take assets they want with no quick results. This view is basically what the dread of improvement is arranged around. On the off chance that one doesn’t have impact in how their neighborhood is advancing, they are losing control of a significant part of their life. In any case, there is still resistance towards these beliefs. In difference to the negatives of improvement, a few people see improvement as a the main powerful approach to â€Å"revitalize† low-salary urban networks. In the article, â€Å"Gentrification: A Positive Good For Communities† Turman arranges the piece around the conclusion that improvement isn't as horrendous as the negative meaning encompassing it. Moreover, he endeavors to disperse the negative parts of improvement by calling attention to how some of them are nonexistent. To achieve this, Turman represents how improvement could emphatically affect neighborhoods like Third Ward (a ‘dangerous’ neighborhood in Houston, Texas).Throughout the article, Turman gives extensive instances of how improvement can decidedly change urban . .rman admits that improvement can have a negative effect where he says â€Å"In the urban communities of Chicago and New York, this procedure improvement has negatively affected ruined residents prompting a higher than normal pace of vagrancy and extraordinary poverty†(Turman). This to some degree conflicting perspective is partaken in the articleâ€Å"The Deeper Problems We Miss When We Attack Gentrification’†,where Badger acknowledges that improvement can have negatives such inconsistent open doors in the region, for example, when she states â€Å"Every form of new speculation won t bring amenitiesâ that would help existingâ residents. New lofts leasing forâ $2,500 a month won t improveâ the lodging choices forâ a familyâ living on $20,000 a year†(Badger).These lead us to address if there isn't right answer with respect to whether that improvement upgrades low salary neighborhoods in America?†.

Kraft’s Acquisition of Cadbury Essay

The Kraft Foods Group Inc. (â€Å"Kraft†) works in the food and refreshment industry. Kraft is the U.S.’s #1 food organization and #2 on the planet (after Nestlã ©) in deals as indicated by Hoover’s 2009. Their upper hands are: worldwide scale [distribution around 150 nations, (LexisNexis, 2012)]; present day innovation, hardware and R&D (â€Å"Kraft sends SAP Tech. platform†, 2008); their associations with organizations like AOL TWX, Rainforest Alliance, and so forth. (â€Å"Kraft Foods accomplices with Rainforest Alliance on supportable espresso initiative†, 2009); and their flexibly chain (www.pincsolutions.com/kraft-nourishments, 2012). These points of interest can property Kraft’s Net Profit Margin of 10.08%, contrasted with the industry’s normal of 5.37% (Hoover’s, 2012). Then again, Cadbury is a candy store and is the industry’s second-biggest all around after Mars (Gray, 2009) and the organization works in approx. 50 nations around the world. Their capacities, image fame and development speak to their primary upper hands (â€Å"Using Open Innovation to Ensure Competitive Advantage†, 2010). With the obtaining, Cadbury will profit by Kraft’s scale (Birchall and Wiggins, 2009), their conveyance in developing markets (Elms, â€Å"Kraft and Cadbury) and their advertising muscle (English, 2009), which will bring about a quicker development for Cadbury. Kraft will profit by enhancing much more on related business (they effectively own Toblerone, Nutter Butter, and so forth,) and furthermore from Cadbury’s abilities (brand, advancement, know-how, and so on.) that will probably speak to as an extra wellspring of significant worth creation for Kraft. Together the organizations will unquestionably impede the opposition: for instance the end of Hershey’s permit to make and sell the Cadbury marks in the U.S. (30% of complete deals, Hoover’s, 2008). Right now Kraft if confronting two significant issues, and they are: †The procurement possibly bodes well if Kraft can get an arrival on speculation capital greater than the expense of capital inside a sensible time period. †The opposition with Nestle, Hershey and Mars. The proposals are the accompanying: Kraft should support the development and benefit of Cadbury by abusing their scale, promoting potential, putting in developing markets and associations, as they did with Post grains in 2008 (Hoover’s, 2009). Furthermore on the utilitarian level, Cadbury’s legitimate office ought to end Hershey’s permit to sell and convey their items in the U.S. what's more, move this licenses to Kraft. Kraft ought to likewise exploit the Cadbury securing (expanding on related business) and this should bring about the formation of extra incentive for Kraft, bringing about an upper hand versus contenders (Nestlã ©, Mars, and so forth.). A â€Å"tapered† reconciliation of Cadbury is sensible: selling the circulation rights to rivals in the business sectors where Kraft is absent (43 nations); simultaneously Kraft should abuse the elite dispersion and manufacture rights for Cadbury’s items where they are available.

When ADHD Medications Are Not Working for Your Child

When ADHD Medications Are Not Working for Your Child ADHD Treatment Print When ADHD Medications Are Not Working for Your Child By Vincent Iannelli, MD facebook Vincent Iannelli, MD, is a board-certified pediatrician and fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Dr. Iannelli has cared for children for more than 20 years. Learn about our editorial policy Vincent Iannelli, MD Medically reviewed by a board-certified physician Updated on February 05, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children PhotoAlto/Antoine Arraou - Brand X Pictures/Getty Images Medications for treating symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be very effective for children, making it easier for them to pay attention in school, maintain friendships, and basically navigate life.?? But sometimes, its hard to determine the right medicine and the right dosage, with the best results and the fewest side effects. With some careful adjusting, however, its almost always possible to find a medication and a dosage that works. How Stimulants Treat ADHD The most commonly prescribed ADHD medicines are Adderall (amphetamine and dextroamphetamine); Ritalin (methylphenidate  ); Focalin (dexmethylphenidate); and Concerta (methylphenidate extended-release tablets). All of these drugs are stimulants, which are thought to work by increasing levels of a neurotransmitter in the brain called dopamine. This chemical is associated with motivation and attention, among other things. For many people with ADHD, stimulant medications both boost concentration and the ability to focus while at the same time curbing hyperactive and impulsive behaviors. For the most part, ADHD drugs work.  According to the ADHD treatment guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP),  most children will respond to one of the stimulants.?? When a medication doesnt work or causes intolerable side effects, the options are usually to adjust the dose, either up or down, or switch to another medication. For example, if Adderall isnt relieving a childs symptoms or is making them cry a lot, then lowering their dosage or having them  try one of the other stimulant medications may solve the problem. Other ADHD Medications to Try A non-stimulant medication called Strattera  (atomoxetine)  is sometimes a good option for a child who isnt tolerating a stimulant. Some doctors also prescribe Strattera along with a stimulant, making it possible to lower the dose of the stimulant drug enough that it no longer causes side effects. Other alternative medications used to treat ADHD include the medications Catapres (clonidine) and Tenex (guanfacine). These can be effective for impulsivity, hyperactivity, and sleep disturbances. Is It Treatment Failure or a Misdiagnosis? Sometimes if a child doesnt respond to two or three different stimulant medications and continues to do poorly, it may be that the ADHD diagnosis is wrong and that something else is causing the symptoms the child is experiencing. In this case, the AAP advises pediatricians to evaluate the childs diagnosis again and also have the child tested for a coexisting condition such as depression, bipolar disorder, or  a learning disability or behavioral problem. A Word From Verywell If you have a child with ADHD, putting various medications and dosages to the test to find what will work for him can be frustrating for you both. Dont hesitate to ask your pediatrician any questions you might have about effectiveness and timing (sometimes adjusting when the doses are taken can make a big difference). Let the doctor know about any side effects you believe are associated with your childs treatment. Dont be afraid to push for changes. There are many options available.

The EasyJet Business Model and its Market Survival - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 18 Words: 5411 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? 1.0 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Title 2.0 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Introduction 3.0 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Research 3.1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Aims 3.2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Objectives 4.0 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Literature review 4.1 Airline Industry 4.1.1 Deregulation of the Airline Industry in the US and in Europe: 4.1.2 Persian Gulf War and Recession 4.1.3 World Trade Centre Disaster 4.2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Budget Airline Industry 4.3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" History of Easy Jet 4.4 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Globalization and Technology 4.5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Marketing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Alliance 4.6 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" No Frills 4.6.1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Inputs 4.6.2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Product Design 4.6.3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Process Design 4.7 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Competition 4.8 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Business Model 4.8.1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Internet 4.8.2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Customer Purchase Experience 4.8.3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" World Wide Web (W WW) Strategy 4.8.4 The Philosophy 4.9 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Future 4.9.1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Low passenger comfort 4.9.2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Questionable security standards 4.9.3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Uncertain tragedy, consequences and expansion in the future 5.0 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Methodology 5.1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Secondary data 5.2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Choice of research method 5.3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Methodology 6.0 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Conclusions 7.0 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Bibliography Easy Jet and the Airline Industry The subsequent part of the paper is organised as follows. Section 3 discusses the aims, objectives and selection process of the research. Section 4 discuses the relevant literature that has been reviewed in the preparation of this paper. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The EasyJet Business Model and its Market Survival" essay for you Create order It will describe the airline industry and EasyJetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strategy and business model. Section 5 outlines the methods adopted and the spirit of the methodology underlying the analysis of the findings. Section 6 constitutes the conclusion that is drawn from the research of this paper. Section 7 is the bibliography and references used in the writing of this paper. This paper makes a case for establishing a large à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" scale business organisation to exploit a promising business opportunity in terms of providing education/career counselling for Indian students seeking professional advancement through overseas undergraduate/post graduate education. The choice of the above thesis has been determined primarily out of my own experiences as an undergraduate student in the United States and later as a post à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" graduate in the United Kingdom. The principal motivation for the paper however transcends personal considerations and owes much to the emerge nce of social forces released by globalisation in developing countries such as India. 1.1 Globalization and Overseas Education The Indian economy has been, for most of the period, following the attainment of Independence in the late forties, structured on a Mixed Economy model[1] that accorded economic primacy to the state. The spirit of central planning dictated the allocation of resources in what was essentially a closed and autarkic economy that considered international trade to be of little relevance. All this changed in the early nineties on account of the realisation that the centrist model of development was becoming increasingly irrelevant and incapable of providing the economic growth necessary to sustain a standard of living that matched those of other countries in the world. The collapse of the Soviet Union[2] had much to do with this new awareness since central planning in India had been particularly influenced by the Soviet model. In particular the Second Five Year Plan (1956 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1961)[3] which placed heavy emphasis on state owned heavy industries and which played such a larg e part in shaping the Indian economy for nearly forty years was structured by the economist P.C. Mahalonobis who believed that the Soviet model contained the most promise to help India secure rapid economic growth. However, even after four decades of development based on central planning, India had not made much progress, except for achieving what came to be called the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Hindu rate of gro 3.1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Aims The aims of the research are to identify the airline industry and the EasyJet Business model and how does it survive in the market. 3.2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Objectives The objectives of the research is to analyze the case study and answer the proposed research question by analyzing the airline market, EasyJetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business model, the future of the low cost carriers and the changing trends in the airline industry that could affect the business of these no frill airlines. 4.1 Airline Industry The beginning of the aviation industry was by Wright brothers who launched their first successful flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Airline was not used as an option in early years because of fear of travel but today it is used as a fastest mode of transportation. Since the 1980 RKP (Revenue Passenger Kilometers) was the way the growth of the airline industry is measured. This RKP is larger than the real world growth GDP. As we refer to the case in Exhibit 1 we can see the growth of the airline industry has faced many ups and downs since the 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. This changing trend in the airline industry has been because of a variety of reasons such as uncontrollable environmental factors, terrorism, globalization, technology, etc. The airline companies in the earlier years worked on a very huge profit or loss margin. If the number of passengers increases it brings in enormous profit to the airline and in the opposite case can bring huge losses. The airline industry als o works on an extremely high fixed cost and therefore as the demand in the airline decreases the company faces huge losses. Also it should be taken into consideration that it takes 1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2 years to build a plane and therefore increasing capacity immediately because of higher demand can be taxing for the company. The airline industry came into much use only during the 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s because the cost of production went down and therefore was more affordable by customers although yet expensive. Then there was no looking back for the airline industry as it was a multi billion market and therefore competition increased drastically. Because of globalisation and other factors the demand for business and tourist travel increased at a more than double rate. The increase standard of living and changing trend of visiting places around the world also increased this need. Increase in the travel was also caused because of competition of other private airlines besides t he government airlines forcing competition and there after reducing prices even further. The uncontrollable factors effect the airline industry directly or in directly. Some of the factors because of which the airline industry suffered are: 4.1.1 Deregulation of the Airline Industry in the US and in Europe: In many countries in the earlier years the government would control certain strategic sectors and airline industry was one of them. The airline industry was deregulated in the 1978 in the USA and about 15 years later in Europe. This deregulation bought privatization and therefore there was tremendous increase in competition. In no time it changed from an oligopolistic industry to a perfect competition. Europe was earlier run by the government whereby they controlled the entire system like where the airlines would fly, changes in price and the time they would fly. But after the European economy deregulated the airline industry competition increased even in Europe. The deregulation of the EU in 1992 and very minimal trade barriers as per the WTO has increased travel worldwide. This has also given the different airlines an opportunity to expand their network and apply better marketing to survive in this perfect competition. One of the things that have changed the way airline indust ry is operating in 2000 is the introduction of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“no frills low costà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  carriers. After deregulation as competition increased more than 75% of the companies left the market as they could not cope up with the high market share. When the deregulation took place in the USA a new airline called SouthWest airline was introduced that cut its prices by 70% therefore being ahead of the competition and capturing more and more market share. In Europe following the SouthWest model Ryanair and EasyJet came into existence. Even besides deregulation the government yet controlled the time slots, landing rights and other privileges awarded by them. Government was also responsible in supporting the airline industry by building new infrastructure. Therefore even though deregulation took place there was a big political and governmental influence on the industry. 4.1.2 Persian Gulf War and Recession The airline industry even though deregulated had suffered losses until it recovered in the 1988, but it was followed by recession in 1989 and the gulf war in 1990 / 1991. The gulf war and the recession which was elongated for four long years hit the industry with a loss of US $22 million. Besides the industry being affected badly there was also decrease in the amount of customers flying as they were scared. Also the high oil prices during the Gulf War increased the fixed cost of the airline which in turn increased prices drastically. Airlines became profitable only after 1995 as many cost reductions had taken place to satisfy customer needs. 4.1.3 World Trade Centre Disaster As we can see in Exhibit II of the case study we can see that the airline industry was profitable from 1995 up till 2000 and then faced a deep dip in profits when the September 11th disaster took place. After effects of the September 11th made a few airline companies file bankruptcy as they suffered huge looses because of the high cost of production. The September 11th disaster increased security as they hired more personnel and security applications, increase in the waiting time for passengers and also made air transport very less attractive. Therefore airlines had to develop a cycle of trust for their customers as they were adopting alternative methods of conducting business like video conferencing and shared corporate jet. The substitution of flying increased business in video conferencing by 30% and also it lost 10% of its business and first class customers. SARS and Iraq war decreased earnings even further. All these above external factors directly or in directly affected the airline industry that changed the way business was operated in the 21st century. The introduction of the budget airline industry is explained below: 4.2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Budget Airline Industry A Budget Airline is a low cost airline which does not issue tickets, no connections, quick checking, only one class of tickets and sell directly to the customer. Budget airline industry was introduced in 1971 by Rollin King and Herb Kelleher named SouthWest airline which followed the ticket less and no frill strategy. Many years later another airline was introduced following the SouthWest model called RyanAir. It also focused on no frill model and focused on functionality. Just a little later Easy Jet was introduced which was a no frill, and web based booking airline reducing cost drastically. Airlines like British Airways, Air France, Delta etc., earlier would charge a full price if a customer booked ticket in advance and then sold it for a cheaper price as the date comes closer. But airlines like Easy Jet applied a completely different pricing model that is cheaper tickets sold in advance and price increases as the date gets closer. Therefore this pricing model was later ap plied by many carriers for better profits. 4.3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" History of Easy Jet The easy jet was introduced by the son of the Greek shipping magnate, Stelios Haji-Ioannou who based it on the SouthWest Model that was introduced in the USA in 1995. The easy jet concept is based their pricing model that reduces the air fare for passengers in short haul flights so that they can fly frequently. The traditional model was that the airlines were sceptical with lowering prices as it would affect the revenue but easy jet has completely proven them wrong as it is increasing its market share at a fast pace since its existence. Easy jet today has more than 75 routes in 36 European airports. The seats are sole by telephone reservation or online eliminating the middle men that are the travel agents. After one year of its launch it designed a website that became a very important part of the business. Easy jet is a member of the UK airline group that consist of seven other companies and easy jet is responsible to run the traffic control. Easy jet has invested millions of dollars to develop safe and reliable air traffic to increase and maintain capacity on air and ground for long term future growth. In 2001 easy jet did a fantastic job by selling 75% of its seats online and therefore has been regarded as Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s second largest airline in UK. This arose the need for expansion and therefore it acquired British Airwayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s subsidy Go. This acquisition made it the biggest low cost travel company in the world even ahead of its rival Ryan air. The airline also signed a deal in 2002 to purchase 120 Airbus to achieve its goal for growth. EasyJet also followed the model of single fleet aircraft which makes it easier for maintenance, operating cost and training. But after its acquisition with Go the company faced a lot of additional administrative cost making it difficult for them to lower the prices. 4.4 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Globalization and Technology According to Cogburn (www.unesco.org) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“globalization is about the monumental structural changes occurring in the process of production and distribution in the global economyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . According to him à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“global companies can break apart business functions and spread them across the globeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . As a result of these processes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“developing countries are facing tidal wave of changes, opportunity and challengesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Globalization has made the world a smaller place to live. It has also increased competition worldwide and therefore customers want the best quality at a cheaper rate. Because of globalization and customer demand the airline industry has also changed the way it operates with à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“no frillsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  strategy. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The internet will change how people live, play and learn. The industrial revolution brought together people with machines in factories, and the internet revolution will bring together people with knowledge and information in virtual companiesit will promote globalisation at an incredible pace. But instead of happening over 100 years like the industrial revolution, it will happen over seven yearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . [Micklethwait John and Wooldridge Adrian (2000), p 36] Companies also adopt to different global strategies like mergers and acquisitions instead of forming a completely new company. This helps the company to increase its customer base but it is also very important for the two companies to integrate themselves so that the core business and strategy is not destroyed. As in the case of EasyJet, it only operated one kind of aircraft for lower overhead and maintenance cost. But when it acquired GO it had different kinds of aircrafts that therefore it was very difficult to keep the price lower. Therefore it is important to follow different global strategies but extensive research needs to be done by forecasting the after affects. 4.5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Marketing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Alliance The airline industry has developed from its nascent days when the Wright brothers invented the first airplane. Today it is a large and complex industry spanning the entire globe. Major considerations in the industry today are the global capacity surplus and yield management to boost profits and achieve break even points. The paper suggests that European airline industry follows four major business models, rather the business is divided into four categories of players à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1) National Flag Carriers, 2) No Frills Airlines, 3) Regional / Niche players and 4) Charter airlines The National Flag Carriers are the major world airlines that cover a wide range of destinations and distances from long haul intercontinental flights to short distances. Distinct features of the major carriers are high service standards, common quality, frequent flyer programs and code-sharing. During the 80à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the major airlines of the world followed a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“hub and spokeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  formula to expand services à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" whereby they would operate from a single airport as its hub and fly to multiple destinations. British Airways was the 1st to develop the London Heathrow airport as its hub. The benefits of the hub and spoke model can be seen from the significant tie-ups and partnerships major airlines have formed. This has given the flyers a large selection of flights and connections to virtually every corner of the world. It has also resulted in better yield managements so that airlines can operate higher load factors. The paper states that airlines currently need 70% load factor for their Jumbo aircraft flying long distances and new aircraft to be launched will reduce that to 58% making airlines more profitable. A study done on the revenue generated by the major world airlines indicate a large portion coming from business travellers. After the global economic downturn in 2001, the airlines have seen double digit drop in business travel which has resulted in significant loss of revenue and profitability. The shift has been primarily due to the availability of cheaper alternatives and cost cuts in industries across the globe. As a result the market capitalization of the national carriers has fallen between 36% and 56% over a span of 2 years from 2001 to 2003. 4.6 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" No Frills The No frills model is different from the traditional method of operation. The no frill airlines work on a minimum standard of service, low prices and short flights. The key to their core business is the low cost pricing strategy. Pricing is mainly controlled in the three areas that is: 4.6.1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Inputs Low cost in inputs is achieved by low cost of labour, similar airplanes for lower maintenance and operation, reduction in airport fees as it would not fly at the big airports, lower wages and better utilization of staff for example two shifts instead for three, and usually take older flights that have a lower investment. 4.6.2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Product Design The product design is point to point arrangement with use of secondary airports. This saves cost and helps improve on time performance as the secondary airports are cheaper and less crowded as compared to the busy ones. Point to point arrangements also reduces connection passengers. All seats in a no frill airline are coach and has lesser space. They also do not have any lounges, catering and no bag transfers between flights. This helps them to save cost and improve their performance. 4.6.3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Process Design The process design offers simplified boarding, disembarking and aircraft service. This helps the airline to save turn around time and therefore can make multiple trips. There are no agents and booking is usually done over the internet which reduces the sales cost and therefore can provide the customer with additional discounts. Therefore as we can see that the inputs, product design and process design reduces the cost by 59% as show in exhibit VI. The table divided the three by reasons of cost reduction by different percentage and it can be seen that each contribute to lower cost for the company drastically. 4.7 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Competition As we know that the no frills strategy has changed the way business is operating in the airline industry. Therefore many major players are fighting to be profitable. Every player is changing its strategy and experimenting in the new market. Lufthansa has reduced capacity and increased its pricing by 4.5%. This is a new strategy adopted by them as they are reducing the amount of aircraft that is operating. They are also cutting wages for workers as well as the remuneration. However other airlines like BA and KLM started new subsidy to compete with the no frill carriers like EasyJet and Ryanair. Both BA and KLM required high investment when their core business was suffering and both of them sold of their operations finally to concentrate on their core business and strategies. Lufthansa who were reluctant to start their own low cost carrier finally invested into Eurowings. They also started a number of flights to Germany called the Germanwings. It was noticed that these major players were investing in many low cost routes by increasing their capacity to capture more market share. They also wanted to keep prices lower to take away the market share from other modes of transportation. British Airways and Lufthansa worked on a strategy that provided lower cost than any of its other competitors and these tickets purchased did not need to be booked in advance and was not a restricted ticket. They followed this strategy as it would have been very useful to the customer and in turn would be profitable to them. 4.8 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Business Model Easy Jetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business model is related to its pricing. It has a built in advantage as it reduces the overhead and administrative cost as it uses an eccentric approach. Easy jet makes every effort to lower all unnecessary costs as they do not deal with travel agents. Customer have to order their ticket either online or over the telephone where additional discounts are given to satisfy customers. The easy jet success is linked to the internet model used by the company to sell tickets. This is a very cost effective and reliable model as globalization and technology comes into existence. 4.8.1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Internet Easy jetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ticket sales are mainly through the internet. Almost 75% of its sales is through the online website. Earlier customers were a little sceptical to use credit cards and make payment online but in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s high tech world it has boosted the sales of the company drastically. The customer places the order over the internet which gives them a wide variety of choices and dates and fares available on each flight. The fares offered by Easy jet are lower than the competition and therefore preferred by the customer. Usually majority of the airlines work on a return trip basis, but Easy jet follows a one way strategy giving customers the choice of flying one way, round trip or multi leg trip giving them the best and cheapest options available as per date and time that is preferred by the customer. Flights that are booked through the web are priced much lower than the telephone giving the customer as advantage by the airline reducing its over he ad cost. 4.8.2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Customer Purchase Experience The website of the company is designed as a process that allows the passenger to exit at any time if he changes his mind. The website does not need the passenger to insert details every time he or she needs to view the time and date for a particular flight. The website also has a login system whereby it stores the name, address and all other related personal details so that the customer does not have to take the trouble to re-enter information every time he or she wants to purchase a ticket. Therefore it registers user names and password so that the entire process if fast and not time consuming. As we know a lot of airline companies as you to fill personal details before they give you the price, date, and time of a particular flight. This can get the customer really frustrated as sometimes they only want to check the price to compare it to what the other airlines offer. This ease of use facilities of the website offered to the customer and the low prices available as compared to any other competitor makes it a memorable experience for the customer who wants to return back to easy jet at any other time he or she wants to make a purchase. This website and pricing model has developed a positive brand image for the company by which it retains customer loyalty and increases its customer base. 4.8.3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" World Wide Web (WWW) Strategy The web strategy applied by easy jet has been so successful that more than 75% of their sales are through the internet. Therefore the company is trying to phase out of the telephone reservation to reduce cost even further and will be one of the only airline that would sell airline tickets only through the internet. Their marketing strategy to phase out of this telephone reservations has started by not listing its telephone number on any marketing and advertising material but just noting its website for further business. Their main reason to phase out of this is because this web approach has been very successful so far and therefore they are confident that it will do well in the future as technology advances and the use of computer is increased and known to all. 4.8.4 The Philosophy Easy jet has been constantly doing new things to develop and increase business. it follows the differentiation and first in the market strategy to build its customer base. It has completely changed the operation of the airline industry as many people are aware and buy from easy jet because of the low price of the ticket as well as easy availability for one way, multi leg and round trip tickets. Besides cost cutting and efficiency provided they believe in satisfying their customers a 100% as the word of mouth strategy has been proved successful in any business. Therefore these low cost methods of advertising and marketing have made it possible for them to sell tickets at a lower cost compared to all other airlines available in the market. The business model used by easy jet has allowed it to achieve growth in the mature airline industry by applying differentiation strategy in this highly competitive world. It has put a positive perception in the mind of the customer and operating very efficiently and economically as it depends more on the functionality of the airline rather than the frills offered to the customers. The strategy used by easy jet is bold and modern and can be risky for them as they decided to make sales only through the internet. The company applies sound principles while exploring the market by doing extensive research and therefore is ready to take a few risks as it believes that changes in the company is required for future profits and growth. 4.9 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Future The future of the no frills low cost carrierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s looks bright as more and more customers are wanting to spend less on travel as they have many options available. As we know that no business model today is perfect so therefore there are a few flaws to this model also as the low comfort of passengers to travel in an aircraft with food and enough leg space, security provided by these aircrafts is questionable and also the uncertainties and external factors of the future can effect the airline industry as it has done over the past. 4.9.1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Low passenger comfort The model applied by low cost carriers is very simple as it follows a no frill strategy. But it is questionable that this model may be too simple for travellers who want to keep their status and also business people whose travelling expense is paid by the company expense. Therefore they would not mind paying a premium price for their comfort and status. Also majority of these low cost carriers may cancel or reschedule a flight without prior notice and a business traveller going for some important work would not be able to afford missing and important meeting or order. Also it has to be taken into consideration that low cost carriers like EasyJet fly to secondary airports as they cannot afford the busy airports. Therefore this may not be acceptable to everyone as the secondary airport may be a little far away from the city and therefore other modes of transportation will need to be taken for them to reach their destination. Low cost carriers also work on the policy of no cancellatio n or advanced booking cheaper price but this may not be useful in times of emergency when the customer would end up paying the same price for a normal fare ticket by a major airline and a low cost airline. Therefore the future will determine the changing trend in the airline industry and if the low cost carriers would survive and be more profitable or be completely swiped out by the major players. 4.9.2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Questionable security standards Security has been a key issue for a lot of people especially after the terrorism attack of 9/11. As we know low cost carriers cut cost in every possible way therefore customers may now question the way security issues are handled by the low cost carriers. As we know that the low cost carriers try and improve their time performance so that the flights can be completely utilised. But do they pay enough attention to security because of lack of turn around time. Also the airline needs to build a history for themselves so that people believe in a brand. As travelling by aircraft can be a question of life and death for a person therefore any bad incident can really affect the business of the airline. 4.9.3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Uncertain tragedy, consequences and expansion in the future The future is uncertain for the airline company as it will change with the customer demand. Also if the low cost airline needs to improve its capacity then it will have to expand it network by flying to multiple destinations. Also the current model of low cost airline makes it fly to destinations which do not have connections. Therefore the low cost airline may have to get into longer haul connections. But by increasing this base and changing their strategy they may not be able to keep up with the cost advantage they are working at. Therefore airline are applying global strategies like mergers and acquisitions to grow in the market. EasyJet applied the global strategy and acquired BAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s GO. But it proved to be an unsuccessful strategy for them as they found it very difficult to lower the cost as maintenance and operations increased. The low cost carriers today are capturing the market as they are 50 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 60% lower in cost as compared to the major pl ayers. But if they need to be in business they will have to follow that strategy and pricing model so that they can capture market based on cost effectiveness. The research is done primarily using secondary sources of information from the case, internet, books, articles, journals, newspapers, etc. 5.1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Secondary data A library based study was done to find relevant information to describe the proposed research. This includes the marketing and strategy applied by easy jet in lowering its cost and increased market share. Other than the case, books and other materials like articles, journals and business reviews have also been taken to make the report scholarly. The most important contribution here is the database maintained by the British Council Library. The data obtained from databases like EBSCO, Info track and Business Premiere has been extremely valuable in terms of its helping to estimate the trend and literature of the subject. 5.2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Choice of research method This topic was chosen because it is interesting to understand the different philosophy and methods applied by easy jet as compared to other airlines. Also interestingly easy jet is now dependent on only selling online therefore the risks taken by the company and the changes made in its operations and functionality is fascinating to know. 5.3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Methodology The parents of those who had graduated were asked whether they believed that the overseas stints of their children had generated value. In particular they were asked their views on the utility of the advice/services provided by admission counsellors. 3.1.2 Other Primary Data The inquiry process adopted in this paper is subjective. The research approach adopted here is inductive in nature seeking not so much to impose a pre-conceived model. Given this aspect of the paper, the time à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" frame chosen is necessarily longitudinal. The paper analyses the case study and answers the proposed research question. It starts by giving us a background for the airline industry, budget airline industry and history for EasyJet. It further describes other factors that are responsible for the changing trends in the airline industry such as globalization and technology. It also described the competition in the airline market and the competition and different marketing techniques applied by these companies. Further, it tells us about the business model that is adopted by EasyJet and the nature of the no frill airline market. It then describes to us about the future of this airline industry and what are the possible threats that could affect the business of the low cost carrier airline in the long run. It also later describes the methodology adopted in solving this case and will be followed by the bibliography. Bradley, Frank. Marketing Management: providing, communicating and delivering value. Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall International (UK) Limited,1995 Hill, Charles. International Business. 4th Edition. Essex: McGraw-Hill Publishing, 2003 Kotler, Philip Armstrong, Gary. Principles of Marketing. 3rd European Edition. Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2001. Heil, Scott and Terrance W. Peck, eds. The Encyclopedia of American Industry, 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998. Petzinger, Thomas. Hard Landing: The epic contest for power and profits that plunged the airlines into chaos. New York : Times Business, 1995. Yao, Z.H. .Enterprise Export Marketing Strategy. Guangzhou: Guangdong Economic Publishing Company, 2002. Anderson, J. C. J. A. Narus (1999) Business Market Management. Understanding, Creating and De livering Value, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. Porter, M. E. (1980) Competitive Strategy, New York: The Free Press. www.easyjet.com https://www.lonelyplanetexchange.com/budgetairlinehistory.htm https://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/adaccess/airline-history.html Footnotes [1] Uppal, J.S., 1996/1997, Economic Planning in a Mixed economy: The Indian Experience, IJSE, 50, 1-13 [2] Collapse of the Soviet Union (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse_of_the_Soviet_Union) [3] The Second Five Year Plan (https://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/2nd/2pintro.htm) and Second Five Year Plan, op.cit., 1956, pages 10 11)

Overcoming Obstacles Essay Topics Reviews & Guide

Overcoming Obstacles Essay Topics Reviews & Guide Overcoming Obstacles Essay Topics Secrets There's a trail by my house I go to regularly. While you might have spent a great deal of time working on your goals for the next calendar year, there are lots of things which are going to become in your way to achieving them. Because college isn't likely to be smooth sailing and you're anticipated to manage challenging situations all on your own. If you recognize the kind of obstacle you're addressing, it is going to help to prevent you from veering off course, and at times, never getting back on course. You should encourage yourself when trying to accomplish your objectives, even if people aren't encouraging and supporting you. A lot of people give up just before the break through and lose out on a valuable prospect. Losing'' customers'' is a significant source of lost income for the majority of businesses. Do your research, and that means you know what questions to stay in mind. To have the ability to take a look at a bad or mundane circumstance and help it become better. If your response is less that 7 you are not likely to follow this up completely. To guarantee that you will see a complete answer to every question, we've got a support team that is always online. A setback may be an career-ending injury, and it may also be a not getting the funding you were promised for an undertaking. Now you have really defined your goal you're prepared to go. You're able to fail to make the very first team. Education plays a significant role in the life span of the authors. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Overcoming Obstacles Essay Topics Is Wrong Individuals that are successful at building a change are the people who will willingly overcome their fears, doubts and insecurities so as to make it take place. Every person has been faced with things that shape their character mor e often than once in the course of their life. A lot of people start out making goals only for the interest of making them. Other People Quite frequently the people which are closest to us fear us achieving our targets. The journey of self change may consist of different journeys like the exploration of new and unfamiliar perspectives that have the possibility of introducing us to new suggestions and perceptions which then have the capability to open our minds to more new ideas. Nowadays it's very difficult to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. The perfect way to move forward on your own path is to realize the possible obstacles and plan in advance how you are going to address them! Since you understand what the end resembles, you will work through all the obstacles and challenges that you encounter on the way. Fear isn't anything more than a negative thought, which results in negative emotions, which then makes a physical manifestation within your body. Another kind of fear is the fear of succeeding. Men and women using fear in a try to control you are most likely insecure. You only require perseverance and patience. Simply take a minute immediately to reflect back on a number of the setbacks you have experienced in your life. To be prosperous in changing career paths, you must learn how to overcome obstacles you will encounter on the way. When you are confronted with negative obstacles, developing a positive story that you may read and listen to regularly re-energizes you. The Basics of Overcoming Obstacles Essay Topics Fear is an all potent controller. You have to monitor your ideas and take the action needed to secure you where you would like to be. When it can be a rather moving topic, it may also be too personal too share. Share your targets and be as clear as possible. Seeing your success is a rather strong tool.

The Mississippi Burning Could the FBI have done more Free Essays

Depicted in a 1988 movie and subject of many journals, references, and publications, the Mississippi Burning, otherwise known as the United States vs. Cecil price et. al. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mississippi Burning: Could the FBI have done more? or any similar topic only for you Order Now case, has been one of the most famous trials in the country. Mississippi Burning revolves around the murder of three civil rights activists in Mississippi, 1964. The victims were Michael Schwerner, James Chaney, and Andy Goodman. The three were in Mississippi to visit the bombed Mt. Zion church, one among the series of twenty black churches bombed on Summer, 1964. In this visit, June 21 of that year, the three were arrested and illegally detained by Deputy Sheriff Cecil Price. It was also Price who turned the three over to the Ku Klux Klan, in a scripted â€Å"release† for the three with the KKK. The bodies of the three, beaten and shot, were found in a dam almost two months after on August 4. (Mississippi Burning Trial: A Chronology, n.d.) The Ku Klux Klan Racists, terrorists, anti-Semitists—the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) have been called many names from their conception in the 1800s. The Klan started out as a group promoting white supremacy. From their beginnings, they have used terrorism, intimidation, and cross burning against African Americans. While they were successfully suppressed, the KKK has found itself reincarnated by modern followers in the 1920s. This second KKK was also suppressed, but was revived when the Civil Rights Movement was activated in the 1960s. The 60s found the Ku Klux Klan of Mississippi associated with crimes against the civil rights activists, most especially in favor of the Black people. The Ku Klux Klan were found guilty, in federal records, for the assassination of Medgar Evers in 1963, as well as in the well-known trial against Cecil Price for the KKK murder of Schwerner, Chaney, and Goodman. The series of bombings of black churches were also accounted to the members of the KKK. Cross burnings throughout this period was also rampant. (Mississippi Burning Trial: A Chronology, n.d.) According to The Ku Klux Klan (n.d.), the most prominent KKK movement in the 60s was the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, founded by Robert Shelton, who was reported to have heavily employed lynching (mob killing) to discourage black people from voting, in contrary to the Mississippi Summer Project encouraging blacks to vote. Schools, homes and white people supporting the movement have also been victimized by the KKK’s lynching and other forms of intimidation. This acts of intimidation, murder, assassination, manslaughter, and were not â€Å"invented† by the 1960’s KKK of Mississippi. Rather, they are renditions of the original KKK’s acts in the 1800s. The FBI and the 1960’s Racist Violence Behind the successes and failures of the racial discrimination cases in the 1960s, most especially in the South, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) plays a big role. The same case goes in a much publicized case as that of the Mississippi Burning, which interrelates several different racism cases of burning, murder, and civil rights infringements in Mississippi into one highly sensationalized court proceeding. The FBI, though, uses no special means in investigating racist violence at the time. In fact, FBI has had secrets of its own. Glick (n.d.) asserts that the FBI has its way of infiltrating movements in the 1960s, including black movements. In his text, Glick suggests that the FBI has COINTELPRO or counter intelligence program which uses otherwise illegal means of investigation such as infiltration, deception, and harassment to dissolve movements. The main targets were said to be Black movements. Thus, police racism has been existent. There is no known concrete relation between the COINTELPRO and the Mississippi Burning case, however. Could the FBI have done more? 1960s was a period without the present technology that FBI enjoys. FBI investigators had standard procedures to follow, and there is no concrete evidence that they infringed any of these procedures. The Mississippi Burning case was one that has been trialed by the public before the court. Everybody knew who were guilty. Everybody believed Cecil Price and the KKK were to be convicted. That, then the evidences and witnesses affirmed. Thus, the FBI was sufficient and efficient in this respect. However, there are many other cases racism violence and civil rights violation, most of which were not publicized. The FBI has been passive in dealing with these cases. Police racism existed, and if it were true the COINTELPRO worsened the events. The FBI could have devised a special plan to implement anti-racism violence statutes to support the Civil Rights Movement that was active at that time, as it was no ordinary time. Then, it will be known that the FBI has done enough. References Glick, B. (n.d.) COINTELPRO revisited: spying and disruption. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/cointelpro-methods.html Ku Klux Klan, The. (n.d.) Ku Klux Klan. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkkk.htm Mississippi Burning Trial. (n.d.) Mississippi Burning Trial: A Chronology. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/pricebowers/miss_chrono.html    How to cite The Mississippi Burning: Could the FBI have done more?, Essay examples

Strategic Industrial Development free essay sample

An argument for strategic development plans for nations. This paper describes that developing and industrial countries need to have a business plan just as businesses have, in order to develop to its fullest potential. The paper explains that these plans, strategic development plans, are encouraged by the United Nations and the World Trade Organization to create a better economic environment and quality of life for the citizens of the nations using this method. The key to success for any business is to start with a solid, well-researched business plan. A good plan will serve as a roadmap for the growth of the company with certain milestones laid out, to measure the success of the plan. A successful plan will take an inventory of the resources that a company currently has in its possession and make provisions to obtain those that it predicts that it will need in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Industrial Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The plan will ensure that the best use of a companys resources is made in the future. It ensures that the decisions that are made are in the best interest of the company.

Shen Kua Essays - Technical Writers, Ethnographers, Free Essays

Shen Kua Essays - Technical Writers, Ethnographers, Free Essays Shen Kua Astronomy 201 Astronomer, Shen Kua Shen Kua was born in China in the year 1026. Shen Kua was born to Shen Chou and his wife Hsa. His family had an unbroken tradition of being civil servants. Thus his father was a local administrator of many posts from Szechwan in the west to the international port of Amoy. At Sixteen years old Shen Kua left his home to travel with his father from post to post. While traveling with his father, Shen Kua learned the responsibilities of a local administrator. These responsibilities include a broad range of technical and managerial problems in public works, finance, improvement of agriculture, and maintenance of waterways. In 1051 his father died and after a two year mourning period Shen Kua received his first appointment as a local administrator at the age of twenty two. Soon after his appointment he showed his skill in ability to plan by designing and overseeing a drainage and embankment system that reclaimed some hundred thousand acres of swampland for agriculture. A few years later he passed the national examinations and was assigned a post in Yangchow. While in Yangchow he impressed the Governor Chang Ch'u so much that he recommended that Shen be appointed to the department of Financial Administration. It was about this time that he began to study astronomy. His first works as an astronomer came when he set down clear explanations concerning the sphericity of the sun and the moon as proved by lunar phases, of eclipse limits and the retrogradation of the lunar nodes. These explanations gave the ability to visualize motions in space Which in the past was only best implicit in numerical procedures of traditional astronomy and seldomly discussed in technical writing. Because of this work Shen was given an additional appointed as director of the Astronomical Bureau. His first project as director was a major calendar reform. This reform started with a series of daily observations of the stars that lasted over five years. While these observations where being performed Shen realized the need for a major redesign of major astronomical instruments. The most significant change that Shen made was to the gnomon. The gnomon was still being used to measure the noon shadow and fix the solstices. Shen redesigned the armillary sphere that is used to make angular measurements, and the clepsydra which determines the time that observations are made. He improved the armillary sphere by improving the diameter of the naked eye sighting tube. Shen noticed that the polestar could no longer be seen in the sighting tube at night. He slowly widened the tube by using the plots of the polestar three times a night for three months to adjust the aim. His new calibration revealed that the tube was slightly three degrees off. The clepsydra also had calibration problems as well, in the past day and night were separately divided by hours. Shen realized that day and night hours were different from season to season. The time was read from float rods in an overflow-tank. Shen saw these problems and proposed a new design for these float tanks. Shen also made his mark in his discussions of solar, lunar, and eclipse phenomena. This by far was the most extraordinary of his cosmological hypothesis that accounts for variations in planetary motions that include retrogradation. Shen noted that the greatest planetary anamoloy happened near stationary points. He proposed a model that suggested that the planet moved in the shape of a willow leaf attached to one side of a periphery circle. The way the planets changed thier direction of motion in respect to the stars was explained by the travel from one point of the leaf to the other. This served the same purpose as the epicycle served in Europe Shen's writings were in part considered to be the highest achievement in traditional Chinese mathematical astronomy. After his impeachment from office at the age of fifty-one Shen moved to a small piece of land in the country. It was there that Shen completed three books and an atlas of China. One of these books was called Brush Talks From The Dream Brook. This book includes some of Shen Kua's most elaborate ideas on such things

How to Make Any Small Space Productive for Studying

How to Make Any Small Space Productive for Studying Do you have a special homework space? Do you sit at a desk to do your math problems, or do you balance your book on your knee as you prop yourself up in bed? Many students live in apartments or small houses that make it tough to carve a special place just for homework. For those students who have to lie on the floor or on a bed to read and write papers, homework can be a real challenge. However, the following strategies can help make your workspace more productive- wherever it might be. Turn your kitchen table into a desk. Put your studying supplies into a bag or basket and head to the kitchen table. The kitchen table is often ideal because it offers enough room to spread out. Small supply organizers, like a writing utensil stand or an accordion folder, will enable you to get the most out of the space. Wear noise-blocking headphones. If youre working on your homework in a busy environment, youre sure to face some potential distractions. Noise blocking headphones wont make the space any larger, but they will help you zone out and concentrate exclusively on the material in front of you. Snag a beanbag. If youre used to studying on the floor, consider getting a beanbag chair. Beanbags are incredibly multi-functional: they can serve as a chair, a recliner, or a table. If you get tired of reading in one position, just roll over and adjust your beanbag into a new position. Utilize a glass-topped table. If you have a glass topped coffee table in your home, you may be able to double-up the size of your workspace. Spread the books and papers youre currently using on top of the table, then spread the rest underneath the table. This way, youll know where all of your materials are at all times –Â  no more digging through giant stacks of books. Use pillows for posture. If you read on the floor, don’t place your book on the floor and bend down to read. This position will cause strain on your back and neck muscles. Instead, pile some pillows on the floor and get into a comfortable lying position. Youll be able to read for much longer, and youll be far more comfortable while doing so. Try working outdoors. Students rarely think of the outdoors when assessing potential study spaces, but its often a great option. If you have a patio, balcony, or other shared outdoor space, consider turning it into a study area. Outdoor tables make great desks, and nature is often far less distracting than indoor spaces. Keep it organized. No matter where you end up working, be sure to keep it organized. After each study session, spend 3-5 minutes cleaning up the area: pick up stacks of papers, put books back on the bookshelf, and pack up your backpack for the next day. Next time you return to your study space, it will be neat, clean, and welcoming.

Power of query optimization Asystematic Approach to cost-Based Dissertation

Power of query optimization Asystematic Approach to cost-Based optimization in Data Mining enviroment - Dissertation Example Up till now, there has been extensive research done in order to give database support to the mining operations. Nevertheless, the emphasis in such endeavors has been, most typically, laid upon the mining of a single data set although, most of the times, the user has to look up for multiple data sets that are acquired from various data sources. Thus, for such cases, it is extremely essential for the KDD process to compare the patterns from various data sets and comprehend their relationship with each other. For this purpose, the multiple data sets in a KDDMS require support for the complex queries. Due to this reason, new functionality and optimizations are needed that particularly emphasize over the frequent item set mining. Faster response to queries is the prime function of the query optimization. The data is better known to the semantic optimizer rather than the user. Thus, the semantic optimizer is able to replace the query of the user with another query that provides the same ou tcome more efficiently in lesser time. The efficiency of the new query is due to the execution of less work for the retrieval of the selected result tuples from the data base. The most advanced query optimizers select the one â€Å"best† plan during the time of the compilation to execute a given query (Ramakrishnan and Gehrke, 2000). The cost of execution for the alternative plans is calculated, out which the one is selected that has the overall cheapest cost. Conventionally, the cost is determined on the basis of the average statistics of the overall data since the prime purpose is to identify a single plan for all data. Nevertheless, the significant statistical variations of various data sub-sets may yield poor performance of the query execution (Christodoulakis, 1984). The basic disadvantage is the highly coarse optimization granularity in which just one execution plan is selected for the entire data. Important opportunities for effective query optimization are left out be cause of this sort of â€Å"monolithic† approach (Ramakrishnan and Gehrke, 2000). Thus, the research problem is to augment the cost-based optimization in data mining for patterns, in single and multiple databases. Therefore, the present study will focus on the cost-based optimization of the queries in data mining. 2. Topics covered There are numerous research papers that have been published in the area of Data mining, Data ware-housing and Query Optimization Techniques however the researches in the past do not clearly specify the conditions under which, what kind of query optimizer will probably possess more weight or points than the others. According Yu and Sub (n.d.), rules are deduced from the restriction clauses of the queries that are received at the database and also, from the outcome that they generate. It can also be stated that the cost of each query is different for the approaches through which the two syntactically distinct queries generate the same outcome. Ullman (1998), in his research, explained the principle of semantic query optimization that refers to the use of semantic rules, for instance, to re-generate a query into an equivalent but less expensive query, in order to minimize the cost of query evaluation. Subramanian and Venkataraman (n.d) in their work suggested the architecture to process the queries of complex decision support that incorporates various heterogeneous data sources and puts forward the concept of transient-views and moreover, formulates a cost-based algorithm that requires a query plan as an input and develops an optimized â€Å"covering plan† through reducing the redundancies in the original-input-query plan. According to the research work of Stefan Berchtold et.al (2001), the problem of extracting all objects

Learners Motivation within the EFL Setting Term Paper

Learners Motivation within the EFL Setting - Term Paper Example The intention of this study is motivation as an effective tool in enhancing student learning, particularly in the EFL educational setting. Through learning new instructional techniques and methods to improve teaching and learning, one has encountered several researches written by educators on the subject of learners’ motivation. In Suslu’s article entitled â€Å"Motivation of ESL Teachers† published in The Internet TESL Journal, the author clearly cited definitions of motivation as: â€Å"some kind of internal drive which pushes someone to do things in order to achieve something; a term that is used to define the success or the failure of any complex task; deal(ing) with three matters: (1) what energizes human behavior; (2) what directs or channels such behavior; and (3) how this behavior is maintained or sustained.The theoretical framework of motivation has spurred one to apply crucial concepts within the educational setting and design teaching strategies that would enhance learning and students’ academic performance. From the practical application, one realized that when time, effort and resources are utilized to motivate learners within the learning environment, academic performance is enhanced as manifested through reflecting higher grades and increased comprehension and retention. Using this as the conceptual framework, one aims to determine and assess secondary researches on the subject within the EFL learning environment.... The challenges faced by an educator include determining the unique educational needs of the students and the pace by which students comprehend and absorb the theories being relayed. Through learning new instructional techniques and methods to improve teaching and learning, one has encountered several researches written by educators on the subject of learners’ motivation. In Suslu’s (2006) article entitled â€Å"Motivation of ESL Teachers† published in The Internet TESL Journal, the author clearly cited definitions of motivation as: â€Å"some kind of internal drive which pushes someone to do things in order to achieve something (Harmer, 2001, p. 51); a term that is used to define the success or the failure of any complex task (Brown, 1994, p. 152); deal(ing) with three matters: (1) what energizes human behavior; (2) what directs or channels such behavior; and (3) how this behavior is maintained or sustained (Steers and Porter, 1991, p. 6)† (cited by Suslu, 2006, par. 2). The theoretical framework of motivation has spurred one to apply crucial concepts within the educational setting and design teaching strategies that would enhance learning and students’ academic performance. From the practical application, one realized that when time, effort and resources are utilized to motivate learners within the learning environment, academic performance is enhanced as manifested through reflecting higher grades and increased comprehension and retention. Using this as the conceptual framework, one aims to determine and assess secondary researches on the subject within the EFL learning environment. Part II: Method of Collecting the Literature One recognized that the veracity and credibility of authoritative sources on a

ob Characteristic Model and Internal Motivation

ob Characteristic Model and Internal Motivation The Job Characteristics Model (JCM) is an approach to job redesign that seeks to formulate jobs in ways that motivate workers and lead to positive work outcome (Williams McWilliams, 2010). Job characteristics model helps the employee on enriched their jobs by using the five core job characteristics that include skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback, followed by three critical psychological states, which are meaningful work, responsibility work, and knowledge about the performance. These five core job characteristics and three critical psychological states will lead to create jobs that result in effective work and positive personal outcomes. The purpose of the essay is to explain the main concern of job characteristics model and to identify the five core jobs characteristics in Sunway College lecturers work practices. DISCUSSION The main concern of the JCM is internal motivation. Internal motivation is motivation that comes from itself rather than from outside rewards (Williams McWilliams, 2010). The more effort given by the employee, the more motivated they will be. The JCM give the relationship between three classes of variables: critical psychological states (CPSs), core job dimensions (CJDs), and affective outcomes (AOs). Working with internal motivation occurs when the employee realized that there was a relationship between three critical psychological states and core job dimensions. First, they experience meaningful work because they believe their works are important and worthwhile, by enhanced skill variety, task identity, and task significance. Second, they experience personally responsible for the outcomes of the work, by presence the job autonomy. Third, they learn to know how well they performed their jobs by job feedback. If these critical psychological states are fulfilled with well core job dimensions, the employee will experience well work outcomes with high internal work motivation, high satisfaction, high-quality performance, productivity improvement, effective work, and reduced percentage of employee absence and turnover. Managers can use JCM to motivate the employee, but, how about lecturers? Lecturers work closely related with students. Same as JCM in managers work, lecturers work practice is to motivate students to positive learning outcomes. Both lecturer and students are in a rule using five core job characteristics, which are skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback. The lecturers are in managerial roles providing tasks, structuring the task, training a group of student, giving evaluate of students performance, and giving reward. The students are in an employee rule learning what lecturers want from the task, taking training, learning lecturers skills, finishing task, receiving reward. Application of job characteristics model to lecturers work practice is attained by increasing five core job characteristics in their course. The first component of core job characteristics is skill variety. Skill variety in lecturers work practice means a various complex skills of lecturers required to complete the course. Lecturers in Sunway College increasing skill variety by giving assignment, so student can increase their skill variety through written assignment referring to internet or book resources, library research, analysing and developing a case or oral presentation of material. Lecturers also asking students to discuss in a group, so that students can discuss in a group with each group member who have different knowledge, abilities, skills, and experiences. With this diversity, a group work can solve problem much better than individual work and can also increase skill variety of each group member. The second component is task identity. Task identity in lecturers work practise means lecturers are responsible to complete their course from beginning to the end. Every lecturer in Sunway College is responsible to manage their time to deliver lesson in a given time. Lecturer learn to separate each chapter of subject in to two or three times of lecture, and giving workshop to provide briefing about assignment, practical for doing assignment using computer, and tutorial class to explain about each chapter of course in more details. For students, this task identity is allowing student to learn and do assignment from beginning to the end. The students do this in various ways, such as answering questions before the tutorial classes, working on both individual and group tasks to share and develop idea, submit assignment on time, make presentations, and may conduct a study research. The third component is task significance. Task significance in lecturers work practice means lecturers give an understanding to students that the knowledge or skill they have learned not only for courses grades but also for their future job. Lecturers in Sunway College give an understanding by using examples, if necessary from his or her life experiences that the subjects are given can be applied in a family environment, social environment or working environment. Lecturer also gives students a case about nowadays family, organisation, or social problem, and asks students to apply the material that given to solve that problem. So, students realize that the material can help them not only in class, but also outside the class. The fourth component is autonomy. Autonomy in lecturers work practice means lecturers have an opportunity to do their work with their own initiative and make their own decision in carrying out the course. For example, lecture in Sunway College has initiative to enhance students autonomy, so he or she makes a decision in giving assignment by asking students to conduct any research they wanted as long as it was still related to the topic that he or she has told. In this situation, the students do the research without any guidelines. They select what researches they want as long as it remains relate to the topic; do research with observation, interview, or distributed questionnaire, and at the end students must submit assignment on time. The last component is feedback. Feedback in lecturers work practice means how well the lecturers doing their course. Lecturer in Sunway College get feedback from students, they try to understand how students responses about his or her performance. They can also seek information from their head of faculty about all phases of their course, is there any protest from students about his or her teaching method. The students can also get feedback, not only get feedback from lecturer but also get directly feedback. For example, in practical courses, when the program successfully runs, it means students performed well, so get good feedback. CONCLUSION JCM can be used to motivate all employees in all industries, provided that the managers know how to properly apply the five core job characteristics on their employees. Not only managers and the employees but also lecturers and student must realize that they all have a responsible to give the best performance by giving the best in skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback. Lecturers take managerial role for motivating students to positive learning outcomes, and students take employee role for doing the best to reach positive learning outcomes.

Malls in America

When observing an autocratic atmosphere, one’s mind, body and soul becomes engrossed within their surroundings. Richard Francaviglia highlights this perspective through his article â€Å"The Mall as Disneyland. † H e explains how Walt Disney’s Main Street USA has set the precedent for all malls around America because it incorporates all aspects that entice one to enter this environment. David Guterson maintains a similar perspective in relation to Francaviglia’s article. Guterson further enlightens the reader in his article â€Å"The Mall as Prison† on the negative effects the Mall of America has, compared to Disneyland. The previous articles have provided thorough explanations on the social atmosphere of malls, whereas Lizabeth Cohen’s article â€Å"The Mall as Threat to Democratic Values,† addresses the legal aspects of malls in America. Each article, although not identical in their views, are effective in explaining each aspect a mall in America encompasses by using strong evidence to support each position maintained throughout the articles. Walt Disney played a larger role in American society than just providing entertainment; many developers turn to his park, Main Street USA, for ideas when they are designing modern American shopping malls. Walt Disney purposely designed Main Street USA to create a joyful environment. He carefully designed each of his small towns to a specific feature. One of those towns, Main Street USA, sole purpose was social interaction. Shopping malls are an abstract reincarnation of Disney’s Main Street USA. According to Richard Francaviglia in his article â€Å"The Mall as Disneyland,† Disney’s Main Street does not feature those inevitable services that indicate the other side, or darker sides of life. † He did not have pool halls, bars, or funeral parlors in his town. Disney tried to make fantasy come true. He used magical lighting to brighten up his town at night. By placing abstract images in exact spots he made reality appear joyful. Like malls today, Disney made his town so perfect that people would not want to leave. David Guterson’s narrative about the Mall of America delves into several facets that are embedded throughout the mall both physically and mentally. A vivid description about the mall’s interior design makes the audience feel like they have visited the mall. Guterson describes how people, individually and as a society, are affected psychologically by this pseudo-metropolis. The grandeur of the mall is, without question, second to none. Shoppers are drawn to visit because of all the modern frills contained within. A theme ark, arcade, hundreds of shops, and eateries are the staples of the mall, but the gardens, flowers, and trees define the mall as being â€Å"the best of the best. † The atmosphere created by combining â€Å"Mother Earth† with twentieth century technology creates a certain mystique to the mall and gives the shopper a very comfortable place to spend the day or maybe even days. In â€Å"The Mall as Disneyland† Disney himself does not sh ow any form of dark side of life, he created an abstracted image that it is so tempting to confuse with reality. Main Street USA is not the only instance of a shopping center providing an alternate sense of reality. In David Guterson’s writing â€Å"The Mall as Prison†, malls are compared to prisons. Guterson writes about how every mall can be like a prison, or an entrapment for the mind. There are, as Guterson points out, no windows or clocks or anything else to distract you from your shopping. Therefore you are consumed in the atmosphere which was built for the sole purpose of spending money and not thinking of reality. In Lizabeth Cohen’s article she states the legal actions malls have to endure when confronted with situations of free speech and social class. Diverse social groups are no longer integrated into central consumer marketplaces but rather are confined to differentiated retail institutions, segmented markets, and new hierarchies. In â€Å"The Mall as Disneyland† and â€Å"The Mall as A Prison† you are not limited to public shopping malls, according to your social status. Everyone is treated equally. Their main goal is to consume you into their world, the owners of the malls have used business strategies to keep their public focused on one thing; buying. By keeping you engaged with majestic structures and great distractions of light shows, movie theatres, roller coaster and much more.

10 Facts About Albertosaurus

Obesity A Common Disorder Essay - 982 Words

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